Whether any amount payable by the taxable person under this Act is a first charge on his property

Yes. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any law for the time being force, save as otherwise provided in the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, first charge shall be on –
(a) the property of taxable person in respect of any amount payable by such taxable person, or
(b) the property of any other person on account of tax, interest or penalty which he is liable to pay to the Government.

(ICAI FAQ PUBLICATIONS 06-09-2017 Tax to be first charge on property: FAQ NO. 54)

What happens if a person after any amount has become due from him, creates a charge on or parts with the property belonging to him or in his possession by way of sale, mortgage, or any other mode of transfer whatsoever of any of his properties in favour of any other person with the intention of defrauding the Government revenue

Such charge or transfer shall be void against any claim in respect of any tax or any other sum payable by the said person. However, such charge or transfer shall not be void, if it is made for adequate consideration and without notice of the pendency of such proceedings under the Act, or without notice of such tax or other sum payable by the said person, or with the previous permission of the proper officer.

(ICAI FAQ PUBLICATIONS 06-09-2017 Transfer of property to be void in certain cases: FAQ NO. 53)

What will be the recourse available to the proper officer in case of default in payment of any installment on its due date by the taxable person

Where there is default in payment of any one installment on its due date by the taxable person, the whole outstanding balance payable on such date shall become due and payable forthwith, without any further notice. The proper officer can initiate recovery of dues.

(ICAI FAQ PUBLICATIONS 06-09-2017 Payment of tax and other amount in installments: FAQ NO. 52)

Under what circumstances proper officer cannot allow payment of tax dues in installments

The facility of payment of tax dues in installments shall not be allowed where:
(a) The taxable person has already defaulted in payment of any amount under the CGST Act or IGST Act or UTGST Act or any SGST Act for which recovery process in on;
(b) The taxable person has not been allowed to make payment in installments in the preceding financial year under the CGST Act or IGST Act or UTGST Act or any SGST Act;
(c) The amount for which installment facility is sought is less than ` 25,000/-.

(ICAI FAQ PUBLICATIONS 06-09-2017 Payment of tax and other amount in installments: FAQ NO. 50)

Can the proper officer allow payment of tax dues in installments

Yes. On receipt of application filed by a taxable person in Form GST DRC-20, the Commissioner, after recording reasons in writing, shall issue an order in Form GST DRC-21 extending the time for payment or allowing payment of any amount due under the Act in monthly installments not exceeding 24, subject to payment of interest under section 50 with such restrictions and conditions as may be prescribed.

(ICAI FAQ PUBLICATIONS 06-09-2017 Payment of tax and other amount in installments: FAQ NO. 49)

Whether the proper officer of the Central tax has the power to recover any amount of tax, interest or penalty payable and which remains unpaid to Government under UTGST Act

Yes. During the course of recovery of tax arrears, the proper officer of the Central tax may recover such amount from a taxable person as if were an arrear of Central tax and credit the amount so recovered to the account of the Government.

(ICAI FAQ PUBLICATIONS 06-09-2017 Recovery of tax: FAQ NO. 47)

Whether the proper officer of the State tax or Union Territory tax has the power to recover any amount of tax, interest or penalty payable and which remains unpaid to Government under CGST Act

Yes. During the course of recovery of tax arrears, the proper officer of the State tax or Union Territory tax may recover such amount from a taxable person as if were an arrear of State tax or Union Territory tax and credit the amount so recovered to the account of the Government.

(ICAI FAQ PUBLICATIONS 06-09-2017 Recovery of tax: FAQ NO. 45)